Методические указания для студентов всех экономических специальностей заочного отделения
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Вариант 4I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно). ^ Until the late 1980s, local governments in the United Kingdom were financed from three sources. First, households paid domestic rates, that is a property tax assessed on hypothetical house prices. Second, local firms paid business rates on their property. Third, the largest source was from the central government. The Thatcher government believed this system resulted in overspending by local governments. Many poor households did not pay rates but still had a vote and voted for high-spending programmes. Firms paid rates but had no vote at all. Only about 20 per cent of the local government revenue came from households paying rates. Most firms were against raising property assessment, the basis of the property tax, as market prices were rising. The reform of local government in 1990 made three changes. First, education at state schools was moved from local to the central government. Second, instead of local business rates a national business rate was imposed. Business property re-assessment corresponding to market prices led to a great increase in taxed property. Whereas before the reform each local government could use its own business rate revenue, now the central government collected all this revenue and distributed it to local governments in proportion to the local population. Money from the rich south, where property prices were high, moved to the poorer north. Third, domestic rates gave way to poll tax, that is, a tax per head with some relief for the poorest households. ^ 1. Who did not pay rates until the 1980s?
2. Why were most firms against raising property assessment? Because of _________. a) the basis of the property tax b) the market price rise c) the local government revenue 3. How does the central government distribute the revenue to local governments? a) in proportion to the number of schools b) due to the number of people living there c) according to their needs ^ 4. The Thatcher government believed that overspending ________ the system of financing local authorities from three sources.
5. Local governments were _______ from three sources.
6. Instead of local business rates a national business rate _________.
7. Local governments in the UK were financed from three _________.
8. Before the reform each local government could use the revenue ___________.
IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию. 9. доход
10. налог на недвижимость
11. домовладельцы и квартиросъемщики
12. оценка имущества
13. облагать налогами
14. налог с бизнеса
15. облегчение
V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного. 16. Business property re-assessment corresponding to market prices led to a great increase in the taxed property. a) Переоценка бизнес собственности в соотношении с рыночными ценами привела к увеличению налогов.
c) Результатом переоценки делового имущества явилось повышение рыночных цен. 17. Most firms were against raising property assessment, the basis of the property tax, as market prices were rising. a) Многие фирмы были против повышения налогов на недвижимость, основы имущественного налога, а также роста рыночных цен. b) Большинство фирм противились повышению цен на недвижимость, основных имущественных стоимостей, т.к. рыночные цены росли.
18. Now the central government collected all this revenue and distributed it to local governments in proportion to the local population. a) Теперь верховная власть требует все доходы с населения и распределяет их в правительстве.
c) Сейчас центральное правительство собирает весь этот доход для локальных правительств в пропорции к местному населению. ^ предъявленного. 19. Firms paid rates but had no vote at all. a) Though companies paid property tax, they weren’t able to influence the governmental policy. b) Firms paid taxes but refused to participate in General Elections. c) Firms paid taxes to vote. 20. Instead of local business rates a national business rate was imposed. a) A local business rate was imposed but not a national one. b) A national business rate was imposed to substitute a local one. c) Both national and local business rates were imposed. 21. Domestic rates gave way to poll tax with some relief for the poorest households. a) Some relief for the poorest firms was obvious due to domestic rates. b) Domestic rates made it possible to charge a gift tax. c) To protect the poorest families, a tax on every person in the country was introduced instead of domestic rates. ^ 22. How did the British population _______ the reform?
23. Money _________ from local to the central government.
24. Those households that paid rates _______ for high spending programmes.
25. A national business rate was ___________ by the government.
26. Property assessment and pricing problems ___________ lately.
VIII. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. 27. To be successful in avoiding strong fluctuations in business activity, the government _________ to make injections into a growing economy.
28. The government _________ to reduce expenditures to prevent recession.
29. Aggregate demand _________ be managed to grow as much as the GNP.
30. Oil and gas ________ be sought in inaccessible places, which adds to their production costs.
31. National economy ____________ be dramatically affected by too high aggregate demand.
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме. 32. Many needy families became _________ than before.
33. Property prices in the south were much __________ than in the north.
34. The ___________ economic event happened in 1980.
X. Переведите текст (письменно). Liquidity is determined by the speed and certainty with which an asset can be converted into cash (notes and coins) in order to be used as a means of payment. The quicker an asset can be converted into cash, the more liquid it is. Therefore, money is the most liquid of all since it is widely accepted as the medium of exchange, while durable and highly specific assets such as machinery are the least liquid as such asset cannot be converted into money without finding a buyer and determining the value of the property to be sold. Bank assets can also be characterized in terms of their liquidity. Loans to households and firms do not appear to be very liquid forms of bank lending, for the borrower may not be able to repay the sum owed to the bank whenever the bank demands. Securities including government bonds and shares of firms, though traded on the stock exchange, cannot be relied upon for a certain amount of cash as their prices fluctuate from day to day. Therefore, financial investment in securities seems also to be illiquid. ^ К  онтрольная работа №1по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей заочного отделения I семестр |
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